2.1 Key Components

• Blockchain Infrastructure: DApps like BIZA-CarnegieMall ensures data integrity, security, and transparency through a robust blockchain infrastructure. All transactions and ownership records are immutably stored on the blockchain, providing reliability.

• Decentralized Identity (DID): Users can fully control their personal data through a decentralized identity system, enhancing identity verification and privacy in the online shopping mall.

• Smart Contracts: DApps automate processes and ensure trusted transactions without intermediaries using smart contracts. For instance, BIZA-CarnegieMall’s escrow services hold payments until the buyer receives the goods.